Surface water is best described as:

Surface water refers to any body of water that is found on the Earth’s surface, which includes rivers, lakes, ponds, and oceans. This classification is important in the study of water quality because surface water is directly influenced by atmospheric conditions, land use, and human activities. It's where many ecological interactions take place and is often the source of water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use.

Unlike water found underground, which is referred to as groundwater, or water in the atmosphere as part of the hydrological cycle, surface water is tangible and readily accessible, making it critical for resource management and environmental studies. Understanding the characteristics and quality of surface water is essential for assessing the health of aquatic ecosystems and ensuring safe drinking water supplies.