What are anions?

Anions are defined as negatively charged ions that are formed when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons. This results in a surplus of electrons compared to protons, giving the anion its negative charge. Anions play a significant role in various chemical processes, including those in water quality, where they can influence pH, conductivity, and the overall chemistry of aquatic systems. Understanding the nature of anions is critical in the context of water quality studies, as they can originate from various sources such as agricultural runoff, industrial discharges, and natural processes, affecting ecosystem health and water potability.