What components make up an ecosystem?

An ecosystem is defined as a complex network of interactions between living organisms (biotic factors such as plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms) and the abiotic factors (non-living elements such as water, soil, air, and climate) in a given environment. The correct answer emphasizes the essential combination of a community—comprised of multiple populations of organisms interacting within a specific area—and the abiotic factors that support life in that environment.

In an ecosystem, the living components (communities and populations) rely on the non-living components (abiotic factors) to survive and thrive. For example, plants require sunlight (an abiotic factor) for photosynthesis, while animals depend on plants for food and habitat. Thus, both biotic and abiotic elements are critical in shaping the structure and function of an ecosystem, leading to the health and sustainability of ecological communities.

Other options don't fully capture the definition of an ecosystem. While option A mentions living organisms and their habitats, it doesn't explicitly include the crucial abiotic factors. The third option, which refers only to biotic factors, neglects the vital non-living components necessary for the functioning of an ecosystem. Lastly, referencing population and environment without influence fails to recognize the complex interactions and inter