What is the role of a buffer in aquatic environments?

The role of a buffer in aquatic environments is primarily to keep pH levels fairly constant. Buffers are substances that can absorb excess hydrogen ions (H⁺) or hydroxide ions (OH⁻), helping to stabilize the pH of a solution. This is crucial in aquatic systems because sudden changes in pH can be harmful to aquatic life, leading to stress or even death for organisms that are sensitive to pH fluctuations, such as fish and invertebrates.

In natural waters, buffers typically consist of weak acids and their conjugate bases. For example, bicarbonate and carbonate ions are important buffering agents in freshwater and marine environments. They help maintain the pH within a narrow range, which is vital for various biochemical processes and the overall health of aquatic ecosystems. By preventing drastic changes in acidity or alkalinity, buffers create a more stable habitat for aquatic organisms, promoting biodiversity and ecological balance.