What type of environment includes living species?

The correct answer focuses on the concept of biotic factors, which refer specifically to living components within an ecosystem. These living species include plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, all of which interact with one another and their physical surroundings. The presence of these organisms is crucial for maintaining the dynamics of ecosystems, as they contribute to processes like nutrient cycling, energy flow, and the overall stability of habitats.

In contrast, abiotic factors pertain to the non-living components of the environment, such as water, air, soil, and climate. Cultural and geographical environments refer to human influences and physical landscapes, respectively, rather than directly addressing the biological aspect of living organisms. Therefore, recognizing that biotic environments comprise the living elements within ecosystems differentiates them vividly from the other options.