Which of the following is an activity that harms marine environments?

Overfishing is recognized as an activity that harms marine environments because it involves catching fish and other marine organisms at a rate faster than they can reproduce. This practice leads to the depletion of fish populations, which can disrupt the balance of marine ecosystems. As certain species decline, it can have a cascading effect on the food web, affecting not just the target species but also predators and other organisms dependent on them for survival. Additionally, overfishing can result in habitat destruction, particularly when destructive fishing techniques are used, further exacerbating the decline of marine environments.

In contrast, coastal tourism, while it can have negative impacts if not managed properly, can also promote environmental awareness and conservation if sustainable practices are adopted. Coral gardening and marine protected areas are both activities aimed at conserving marine ecosystems, enhancing biodiversity, and restoring habitats. These practices actively contribute to the health and sustainability of marine environments rather than harming them.