Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

Soil is classified as an abiotic factor in an ecosystem because it is a non-living component that plays a crucial role in supporting life. Abiotic factors include elements such as water, air, temperature, sunlight, and minerals, all of which shape the environment and influence the living organisms within it. Soil provides essential nutrients and a habitat for various biotic factors, including plants, fungi, and insects, but it itself does not possess any biological characteristics.

Plants, fungi, and insects are all considered biotic factors because they are living organisms that actively participate in the ecosystem's interactions and dynamics. Understanding the distinction between abiotic and biotic factors is fundamental to studying ecosystems, as each category plays a different but interconnected role in maintaining ecological balance.